# Replace a user's direct roles

`PUT /v1/users/{user_id}/roles` · permission `users:write`

Replaces the user's direct environment roles with `role_ids` (the full set, at most 50; an empty array removes them). Organization roles cannot be assigned directly; assign them through an organization membership. Writing the same set again changes nothing. A change marks the user's refresh token families with `roles_changed`, so the next refresh carries the new roles, and is audited as `user.updated` with `change=roles`. If the set contains a privileged (`is_privileged`) role, whether newly added or kept, the credential also needs `roles:write`; removing a privileged role from the set needs only `users:write`.

## Request

| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `user_id` | path | yes | User ID (`usr_…`). |
| `role_ids` | string[] | yes | The full set of environment role IDs (`rol_…`), at most 50. |

## Response

`200 OK` with the new role IDs.

```json
{
  "role_ids": [
    "rol_01j9xr7s1t2w6x8y0z2a4b6c8e"
  ]
}
```

## Errors

| HTTP | code | When |
|---|---|---|
| 403 | `role_not_assignable` | A role is an organization role. |
| 404 | `not_found` | The user does not exist in this environment. |
| 422 | `validation_failed` | `role_ids` is missing, has a malformed or unknown ID (`unknown_role`), a duplicate or more than 50 items. |
| 401 | `unauthenticated` | The credential is missing, invalid or revoked. |
| 403 | `insufficient_permissions` | The credential lacks the required permission. Assigning a privileged (`is_privileged`) role also requires `roles:write`; without it nothing is written and `required_permissions` lists both permissions. |
| 429 | `rate_limited` | The rate limit was exceeded; retry after the `Retry-After` period. |
| 503 | `service_unavailable` | A dependency is temporarily unavailable; retry after the `Retry-After` period. |

## Example

```bash
curl -i -X PUT "https://api.eu.keenauth.com/v1/users/usr_01j9xh2k6p7q1r3s5t7v9w1x3y/roles" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $KEENAUTH_SECRET_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"role_ids":["rol_01j9xr7s1t2w6x8y0z2a4b6c8e"]}'
```